As far as I know, Termux can run it without being root, since PocketMine doesn't need (and shouldn't be given) root acces to run.
No, executing sh files in Linux does not require root. And Termux doesn't require root for any of its operations (including that).
if you can not run the file as a user with linux your do not have the right permission or ownership on the file. In any case for security reasons you should NEVER run applications as root. If you want to run a minecraft server create a minecraft user and group and run it under that. You can change the owner/group of a file by using as root the chown command https://linux.die.net/man/1/chown example: filename: start.sh username you want to change to: shaggy0815 group you want to change to: user chown shaggy0815:user start.sh After that the file is owned by user with the hame shaggy0815. Another option is to set permissions as root on the file for other to excecute e.g. chomod 0755 start.sh https://linux.die.net/man/1/chmod